Kalash Nath

Availableeity works by the rule, “If you can think of it, it must be important." Like any other heuristic on which the fast system relies, most of the time the heuristic of availability is very useful. For example, when somebody asks you, "What's the biggest city in Europe?" you may instantly say "London," not because you know for sure that it is the biggest city in Europe, but just because it first came to your mind. And you wouldn't be too far away, because London is the second biggest city in Europe, after Moscow. This is a situation when the availability heuristic works in your favour. On the other hand, there are numerous examples of this heuristic catching people off guard, and rushing them into unnecessary and irrational conclusions. Large plane crashes are one of the most shocking and media-covered events in the world. For days and weeks after this kind of catastrophe, the news is still full of reports about these kinds of events. An...

PREFACE In this summary, you will find the most important ideas contained in Kahneman's bestseller, Thinking, fast and slow. Do you want to know why this psychologist received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences? Then continue reading. Before we start, we would just like to make something clear. The word heuristics is very important and should be clarified before we begin with our summary. Although it looks a bit daunting, it's pretty simple: heuristics are rules and mental short-cuts people use to process information more efficiently. They are like a set of presumptions that usually lead to good predictions. The most important idea that you will able to draw from this book is the fact that the human intellect has two "modes" of mode and praise the other. Rather, the goal is to point out the good as well as bad sides of each mode of functioning. Let's start with the rational side. One may be too quick to make conclusions and say that the rational side...

A 65 years old father was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45 year’s old highly so-called educated son. Suddenly a bird 🐦 seated on their window. The Father asked his Son, “What is this?” The Son replied, “It is a Pigeon ”. After a few minutes, the Father asked his Son the 2nd time, “What is this?” The Son said “Father, I have just now told you “It’s a Pigeon ”. After a little while, the old Father again asked his Son the 3rd time, What is this?” At this time some expression of irritation was felt in Son’s tone when he said to his Father with a rebuff. “It’s a Pigeon, a Pegion, a Pegion. A little after, the Father again asked his Son the 4th time, “What is this?” This time the Son shouted at his Father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A Pigeon ’. Are you not able to understand this?” A little later the Son went to his room  He saw an old diary of his in the room he came out of th...

  His father was Name  Rajjab, He was the younger brother of late Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq. His mother was the daughter of Ran Mal, a petty Rajput chief of Abohar in the modern district of Hissar in east Punjab. He was born in 1309 A.D.His reign lasted for about 37 years from 1351 to 1388 A.D.   REVENUE At the same time, his military expeditions, slave system, feudal practice and religious policy etc. brought discredit to him. Firoz Tughlaq appointed a special officer namely Khawja Hisan-ud-Din to prepare an estimate of the public revenue of the kingdom. Thereafter he fixed the revenue of the ‘Khalsa’ land (Government land) in the kingdom at six crores and eighty-five lakhs of ‘Tankas’ (silver coins). he wanted to receive from farmers. NEW SYSTEM OF TAXATION  ‘Kharaj It was the land tax which was equal to 1/10  of the produce of the land.  ‘Zakat’: It was a two-and-a-half per cent tax on property realized from the Muslims and utilized f...

This story is related to a boy who was inhabited of a village in the Himalayan. whose name was Ashutosh, Ashutosh was very happy with his life, his parents was  not rich or very poor. After getting his education in his village, he went to another college which was in a city During that time he had the drawback   that he could not mingle with students  Nor did he  try  Days passed, Ashutosh's studies continued but his studies were going well but till now he was without friends Mostly he did not come out of class but whenever he came, he used to come alone and went to his class alone.  One day when he came out of his classroom, he hit a girl it was  girl's mistake but  Ashutosh said sorry to her, the girl was very happy because of this, how good it is that he said sorry even after my mistake. Although they did not talk much and Ashutosh left place . But after a few days, he met the same girl again in college....

Harilal Mohandas Gandhi was the eldest son of Mahatma Gandhi. Harilal liked to go to England for higher studies and hoped to become a barrister as his father had once been. His father firmly opposed this, thinking that a Western-style education would not be helpful in the struggle against British rule over India. Finally rebelling against his father’s decision, in 1911 Harilal renounced all family ties. Harilal converted to Islam at the Jumma Masjid, Bombay on 29th May 1936 and took up the name Abdullah Gandhi. (May 1936, at the age of 48, Harilal publicly converted to Islam and named himself Abdulla Gandhi. However, later in 1936, on his mother Kasturba Gandhi's request he converted back to Hinduism through the Arya Samaj and adopted a new name, Hiralal)  Gandhiji wrote to his other son, Ramdas Gandhi, the following day, “There could be no harm in his being converted to Islam with understanding and selfless motives. But he endures from greed for wealth and sensual plea...

It is well known that Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan at the 2nd Battle of Tarain in 1192 and laid the foundation of the Sultanate of Delhi. What is not so well known, however, is the fact that 14 years before he won this battle, he was defeated by a Goa born Queen of Gujarat –Naikidevi! While little is known about Naikidevi, we don’t even have an image of what she looked like – here is what we do know. Muhammad Ghori was defeated by a Goa born Queen of Gujarat, Naikidevi Naikidevi was the widow of a Solanki king the dynasty is also referred to as the Chalukyas of Gujarat) King Ajayapala ruled for a short span of 4 years starting 1171. She was the daughter of the Kadamba ruler Mahamandalesvara Permadi of Goa and after the death of her husband, Naikidevi served as a Queen Regent as her son Mularaja II was just a child. It was during her short regency that the Queen made history. Naikidevi is remembered as the woman who defeated and sent back the invading armies of Muhamma...